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Goal programming is a branch of multiobjective optimization, which in turn is a branch of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). This is an optimization programme. It can be thought of as an extension or generalisation of linear programming to handle multiple, normally conflicting objective measures. Each of these measures is given a goal or target value to be achieved. Unwanted deviations from this set of target values are then minimised in an achievement function. This can be a vector or a weighted sum dependent on the goal programming variant used. As satisfaction of the target is deemed to satisfy the decision maker(s), an underlying satisficing philosophy is assumed. Goal programming is used to perform three types of analysis: # Determine the required resources to achieve a desired set of objectives. # Determine the degree of attainment of the goals with the available resources. # Providing the best satisfying solution under a varying amount of resources and priorities of the goals. == History == Goal programming was first used by Charnes, Cooper and Ferguson in 1955,〔A Charnes, WW Cooper, R Ferguson (1955) Optimal estimation of executive compensation by linear programming, Management Science, 1, 138-151.〕 although the actual name first appear in a 1961 text by Charnes and Cooper.〔A Charnes, WW Cooper (1961) Management models and industrial applications of linear programming, Wiley, New York〕 Seminal works by Lee,〔SM Lee (1972) Goal programming for decision analysis, Auerback, Philadelphia〕 Ignizio,〔JP Ignizio (1976) Goal programming and extensions, Lexington Books, Lexington, MA.〕 Ignizio and Cavalier,〔JP Ignizio, TM Cavalier (1994) Linear programming, Prentice Hall.〕 and Romero〔C Romero (1991) Handbook of critical issues in goal programming, Pergamon Press, Oxford.〕 followed. Schniederjans gives in a bibliography of a large number of pre-1995 articles relating to goal programming,〔MJ Scniederjans (1995) Goal programming methodology and applications, Kluwer publishers, Boston.〕 and Jones and Tamiz give an annotated bibliography of the period 1990-2000.〔DF Jones, M Tamiz (2002) Goal programming in the period 1990-2000, in Multiple Criteria Optimization: State of the art annotated bibliographic surveys, M. Ehrgott and X.Gandibleux (Eds.), 129-170. Kluwer〕 A recent textbook by Jones and Tamiz .〔Jones DF, Tamiz M (2010) Practical Goal Programming, Springer Books.〕 gives a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in goal programming. The first engineering application of goal programming, due to Ignizio in 1962, was the design and placement of the antennas employed on the second stage of the Saturn V. This was used to launch the Apollo space capsule that landed the first men on the moon. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「goal programming」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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